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Seasonal variation of snail population of Parafossarulus manchouricus and larval trematode infection in river Kumho, Kyungpook province, Korea
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Korean J Parasito > Volume 18(1):1980 > Article

Original Article
Korean J Parasitol. 1980 Jun;18(1):54-64. English.
Published online Mar 20, 1994.  http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1980.18.1.54
Copyright © 1980 by The Korean Society for Parasitology
Seasonal variation of snail population of Parafossarulus manchouricus and larval trematode infection in river Kumho, Kyungpook province, Korea
Byung Joo Chung,Chong Yoon Joo and Dong Wik Choi
Department of Parasitology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Taegu, Korea.
Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine the ecology of the snail, Parafossarulus manchouricus, the seasonal variation of the snail population, and the infestation rates of these snails with the cercariae of digenetic trematodes, in the snail habitat of river Kumho, in Dongchon of Taegu city, in Kyungpook Province, Korea, from 1975 to 1979. The earliest time the snails were found was early in April every year. At that time the water temperature ranged from 13 to 14 degrees C. The population density of snails ranged from 2 to 8 per square meter. The highest population density of snails was encountered in late June and the water temperature was between 24 and 26 degrees C. The snails disappeared in early and mid-November, when the water temperature dropped to 10-13 degrees C. The average snail population in June was 115.9 per square meter in 1975 but in 1976 dropped abruptly to 30.5 and remained at approximately the same level in 1977. It then decreased at considerably lower rates, with the average of 18.7 in 1978 and 14.5 in 1979. The snails collected in the habitat were examined for the presence of cercariae of digenetic trematodes. Of these, four species, Clonorchis sinensis, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Exorchis oviformis, and Loxogenes liberum were found. The most frequently liberated cercaria was L. liberum 43.3 per cent, followed by E. oviformis 6.2 per cent and C. orientalis 1.5 per cent. The least frequently liberated was C. sinensis 0.1 per cent. In the monthly liberation rates for larval trematodes, the higher rates were observed in June, July and August every year, and the cercarial rates for Clonorchis sinensis, Cyathocotyle orientails and Exorchis oviformis demonstrate a fairly consistently fluctuating downward trend over the five-year period, except for Loxogenes liberum. Summarizing the results, this study indicated that the population density of snails in the habitat and the infection of the snail with the cercariae of digenetic trematodes has decreased over the five-year period from 1975 to 1979.

Figures


Fig. 1
Map of Taegu city in Kyungpook Province, showing Dongchon, snail habitat in the river Kumho.


Plate 1
Microphotographs and the schematic figures of cercariae (larval fluke) found from the snail, Parafossarulus manchouricus (1mm=20µm)

1. Clonorchis sinensis

2. Cyathocotyle orientalis

3. Exorchis oviformis

4. Loxogenes liberum


Tables


Table 1
Five years' observations of the earliest dates snails begin to appear and the water temperature at that time in Dongchon habitat of river Kumho, Kyungpook Province, Korea


Table 2
Dates of peak population of Parafossarulus manchouricus and the water temperature at the time in the habitat of river Kumho


Table 3
Dates of disappearance of snail from Dongchon habitat of river Kumho and water temperature at the time


Table 4
Monthly changes in snail population in Dongchon habitat of river Kumho, Kyungpook Province, Korea (1975 to 1979) as revealed Number of snails per m2 of river bed


Table 5
Five years observation of larval digenetic trematodes from the snail, Parafossarulus manchouricus in Dongchon gabitat of river Kumho, Kyungpook Province, Korea


Table 6
Monthly liberation rates for larval trematodes from snails collected in Dongchon habitat, Kyungpook Province, Korea (1975~79)

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