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Ecology of filariasis on Che Ju Island
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Korean J Parasito > Volume 11(1):1973 > Article

Original Article
Korean J Parasitol. 1973 Apr;11(1):33-53. English.
Published online Mar 20, 1994.  http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1973.11.1.33
Copyright © 1973 by The Korean Society for Parasitology
Ecology of filariasis on Che Ju Island
Joung Soon Kim,Won Young Lee and Suk Lak Chun
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea.
Abstract

Study of filariasis to determine important factors involved in its ecology was carried out on Che Ju Island for three consecutive years from 1968 to 1970 in seven villages, three coastal villages and four islets remote from the main island. One village which was located in mountainous area far from the coast was surveyed to serve as control area.

About 90% of population inhabiting the study area had at least one blood smear during the three-year period; about one third had three blood smears, and a little over one third had two, and the rest only one examination. Animal and mosquito surveys were carried out at the same period.

Followings are the results obtained:

1. All human cases but several had microfilariae identical to the description of B. malayi. The several cases who had morphologically different microfilariae from that of B. malayi need further study for definite conclusion.

2. Five persons randomly sampled from Mf positives and bled every two hours demonstrated nocturnal periodicity between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m.

3. Human is considered to be only reservoir host for human filariasis in the area since animal survey and experimental exposure to the infective larvae of human filaria species showed failure to infect animals.

4. Microfilaria rate, microfilaria density, prevalence of elephantiasis varied by area and age with correlation, which indicated cumulative process of the parasite by repeated exposure and development of host immunity to certain extent.

5. Clinical manifestation of filariasis (symptom complex and elephantiasis ) taken from history and inspection was low in its prevalence with range of 0.9% 11.8% of total population. Only 5.2% of 517 Mf positives had the clinical manifestation. 24.8% of 109 persons with clinical manifestation had microfilaria; 42.9% with symptom complex only, 23.1% with both symptoms and elephantiasis, and none with elephantiasis only were microfilaria positive.

6. Ae. togoi was the only species infected with the filaria. Mosquito infection rate by area showed positive correlation to the Mf rate and density of human population; where the Mf rate and density were high, the mosquito infection rate also high.

Figures


Fig. 1
Distribution of microfilaria counts in five persons by time when the blood was taken. (40mm3)


Fig. 2
The location of area surveyed with Mf. rate of human filariasis.


Fig. 3
Cumulative percent of microfilaria count/ 20mm3 of blood by village.


Fig. 4
Microfilaria rate by age and sex.


Fig. 5
Cumulative percent of microfilaria counts/ 20mm3 of blood by age group.


Fig. 6
Percent of Mf Positives with more than 50Mf/ 20mm3 of blood by age group.


Fig. 7
Ha Yae village map with the distribution of filariasis cases.


Fig. 8
Tae Hung village map with the distribution of filariasis cases.


Fig. 9
Bi Yang islet map with the distribution of filariasis cases.

Tables


Table 1
Measurements of microfilariae by species and village


Table 2
Experimental infection of animals with human filaria


Table 3
Percent of population surveyed in all seven villages by sex summarized from three surveys


Table 4
Percent of population surveyed by age and sex


Table 5
Survey status by year and village


Table 6
Microfilaria rate by village and sex (Summarized data for three years)


Table 7
Percent of microfilaria positives with more than 50 Mf./ 20mm3 of blood by villages


Table 8
Microfilaria rate by age and sex (Tae Hung, To San, Bi Yang, Hoengan), summarized data of all three surveys


Table 9
Cumulative percent of microfilaria counts/ 20mm3 of blood by sex


Table 10
Microfilaria rate by year and village


Table 11
Percent of Mf negatives who became positive in one year by village, year, and Mf rate


Table 12
Percent of microfilaria positives who became negative without treatment in the second or third survey by village


Table 13
Change of microfilaria density in microfilaria positives without Hetrazan treatment


Table 14
Clinical manifestation of filariasis

A. Prevalence of clinical manifestation of filariasis by village



Table 15
Prevalence of elephantiasis by village, sex, and age


Table 16
Age of onset, duration of the illness, and frequency of occurrence by site for elephantiasis


Table 17
Comparison of eosinophyl leucocyte count between microfilaria positive and negative


Table 18
Animal survey for microfilaria species naturally infected


Table 19
Percent distribution of adult mosquitoes by species collected in study areas (CDC Light Trap)


Table 20
Natural mosquito infection status by filaria species compared with human infection

References
1. Chun SL, et al. Korean Journal of Public Health 1968;5(2):113–121.
2. Moon OR, et al. Korean Journal of Public Health 1968;5(2):103–112.
3. Lee KT. Bull Nat Inst Health Korea 1961;4(1):107–111.
4. Lee WY. [A study on Aedes togoi as vector of filariasis in Che Ju lsland]. Korean J Parasitol 1969;7(3):153–159.
 
5. Ramachandran CP, et al. The medical Journal of Malaya 1968;12(4):323–329.
6. Senoo T, Lincicome RD. Malayan filariasis; incidence and distribution in Southern Korea. U S Armed Forces Med J 1951;2(10):1483–1489.
 
7. Seo BS, Rim HJ, Seong SH, Park YH, Kim BC, Lim TB. [The Epidemiological Studies On The Filariasis In Korea: I. Filariasis In Cheju-Do(Quelpart Island)]. Korean J Parasitol 1965;3(3):139–145.
 
8. Seo BS, Rim HJ, Lim YC, Kang IK, Park YO. The Epidemiological Studies On The Filariasis In Korea: II. Distribution And Prevalence Of Malayian Filariasis In Southern Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1968;6(3):132–141.
 
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