Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81

Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-03.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83

Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84
Effect of aflatoxin B1 on ultrastructural changes of biliary epithelial cells in mice experimentally infected with Clonorchis sinensis
| Home | E-Submission | Sitemap | Contact us |  
top_img
Korean J Parasito Search

CLOSE

Korean J Parasito > Volume 25(2):1987 > Article

Original Article
Korean J Parasitol. 1987 Dec;25(2):99-109. English.
Published online Mar 20, 1994.  http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1987.25.2.99
Copyright © 1987 by The Korean Society for Parasitology
Effect of aflatoxin B1 on ultrastructural changes of biliary epithelial cells in mice experimentally infected with Clonorchis sinensis
Hong Ki Min
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120, Korea.
Abstract

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of a carcinogen, aflatoxin B1 on the ultrastructural changes of biliary epithelial cells in mice infected with Clonorchis sinensis. A total of 93 male albino mice(BALB/c strain) was divided into 3 groups; group I, treated with 1.0 ppm aflatoxin B1 for 12 weeks; group II, given 50 C. sinensis metacercariae, and group III, given 50 metacercariae and treated with 1.0 ppm aflatoxin B1 for 12 weeks. Three mice served for untreated-uninfected controls. From 4 weeks after the treatment and/or infection, three mice from each group were sacrificed at 4 week intervals up to the 40th week, and their hepatobiliary tissues were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent ultrastructural changes in group I were remarkable enlargement of nuclear size, separation of nucleolus, dispersed chromatin granules in nuclei and increased dense granules along the inner membrane of nuclei. In the cytoplasm there was slight proliferation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at earlier stage. At the 12th week separation of fibrillar and granular components of the nucleolus was a characteristic finding. As the time elapsed, epithelial cells showed flattened-cuboidal form and a tendency of atrophy. Most of the nuclei were elongated and polygonal in shape. In group II the appearance of elaborate interwoven folds of lateral cytoplasm forming a labyrinth of interconnected intercellular space and variety in nuclear shape were the prominent findings at earlier stage. The cytoplasm showed slight proliferation and dilatation of mitochondria and ER, and a small number of mucin droplets. In the basement membrane scanty fibrous cells were seen. With time, variety in nuclear shape, marked proliferation and dilatation of rough ER and some collagen fibrils were demonstrated. Other features of intracellular organelles and mucin droplets persisted. In group III cuboidal epithelial cells showed their remarkably enlarged and irregular nuclei, increased chromatin granules in the nuclei, separated nucleoli, proliferated and dilated rough ER. With time, sequestered mitochondria showed bleb-like evaginations which lacked cristae and dense matrix, and were limited by a single membrane. Since the 20th week, microvilli were relatively scanty and poorly developed. Organelles and inclusions in the cytoplasm of metaplastic cells were poor. Nuclei were variable in shape. The most prominent changes at later stage were separation of nuclei from the cytoplasm, and appearance of numerous and irregularly angled electron dense granules in the nuclei.

Figures


Figs. 1-2
Fig. 1. Electron microscopic findings of normal epithelial cells of a bile ductule; The cells are solidly attached to one another, partly by interdigitations and partly by desmosomes(D). Microvilli are varying in size and length. The cells have an ovoidal nucleus(N) of low density and nucleoli are generally small in size. Scanty mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and lysosome-like dense bodies are visible in the cytoplasm. (Lead stain, ×10,000)

Fig. 2. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group I at the 4th week; Enlargement of nucleus (N) together with dispersion of chromatin granules and increase of dense granules along the inner membrane of nucleus and nucleolar margination is characteristic. There are slight proliferations of mitochondria(Mit) and rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER). (Lead stain, ×10,000)



Figs. 3-5
Fig. 3. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group I at the 28th week; Flattened-cuboidal epithelial cells have numerous microvilli and an enlarged nucleus(N). (Lead stain, ×10,000)

Fig. 4. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group II at the 4th week; Columnar epithelial cells show scanty microvilli and occasionally cytoplasmic projection in the lumen. The presence of elaborate interwoven folds(IF) of lateral cytoplasm, forming a labyrinth of interconnected intercellular space is the most characteristic change. The nucleus(N) appeared to be elongated and irregular in shape. Slightly enlarged nucleoli are seen in evenly distributed nucleoplasm. (Lead stain, ×10,000)

Fig. 5. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group II at the 12th week; Variety in nuclear shape with electron dense granules along the inner membrane, marked proliferation and swelling of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), scanty mucin droplets and some collagen fibrils are seen. Separation of nucleus from cytoplasmic component is demonstrated. (Lead stain, ×7,000)



Figs. 6-8
Fig. 6. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group III at the 4th week; Enlarged nucleus(N) with increased chromatin granules, proliferated and slightly dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and some mucin droplets are seen. (Lead stain, ×6,000)

Fig. 7. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group III at the 12th week; Columnar epithelial cells show a greatly enlarged and elongated nucleus(N) with or without nucleolus. In most cells partially sequestered mitochondria(Mit) show bleb-like evaginations which lacked cristae and dense matrix, and are limited by a single membrane. (Lead stain, ×8,000)

Fig. 8. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group III at the 20th week; Flattened-cuboidal epithelial cells show stratification. The nuclei(N) are elongated and numerous electron dense and irregular granules are seen. Well developed collagen fibrils(CF) are noted in the junction structure and the basement membrane. (Lead stain, ×8,000)



Figs. 9-10
Fig. 9. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group III at the 32nd week; Microvilli are relatively scanty and poorly developed. The nuclei are varying in shape with numerous, irregularly angled and highly electron dense granules. Separation of the nuclei from cytoplasmic component(↑) is evident. The cytoplasmic organelles are poor. (Lead stain, ×5,000)

Fig. 10. Electron microscopic findings of epithelial cells in group III at the 32nd week; Similar ultrastructural findings with Figure 9 are noted. Some cells with irregular nucleus invades the surrounding tissue. (Lead stain, ×4,000)


Tables


Table 1
Composition of the diet(per kg.)

References
1. Attwood HD, Chou ST. The longevity of Clonorchis sinensis. Pathology 1978;10(2):153–156.
  
2. Belamaric J. Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and C. sinensis infection in Hong Kong. Cancer 1973;31(2):468–473.
  
3. Bhamarapravati N, Thammavit W, Vajrasthira S. Liver changes in hamsters infected with a liver fluke of man, Opisthorchis viverrini. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1978;27(4):787–794.
 
4. Butler WH. Early hepatic parenchymal changes induced in the rat by aflatoxin B1. Am J Pathol 1966;49(1):113–128.
 
5. Butler WH, Barnes JM. Toxic effects Of groundnut meal containing Aflatoxin to Rats and Guinea-pigs. Br J Cancer 1963;17:699–710.
  
6. Sheung-To C, Gibson JB. The histochemistry of biliary mucins and the changes caused by infestation with Clonorchis sinensis. J Pathol 1970;101(2):185–197.
  
7. Craddock VM. Liver carcinomas induced in rats by single administration of dimethylnitrosamine after partial hepatectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971;47(4):899–907.
 
8. Flavell DJ. Liver-fluke infection as an aetiological factor in bile-duct carcinoma of man. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1981;75(6):814–824.
  
9. Flavell DJ, Pattanapanyasat K, Lucas SB, Vongsangnak V. Opisthorchis viverrini: liver changes in golden hamsters maintained on high and low protein diets. Acta Trop 1980;37(4):337–350.
 
10. Hoeppli R. Chinese Med J 1933;47:125–141.
11. Hou PC. The relationship between primary carcinoma of the liver and infestation with Clonorchis sinensis. J Pathol Bacteriol 1956;72(1):239–246.
  
12. Iida H. Jpn J Parasitol 1985;34(1):7–16.
13. Koompirochana C, et al. S.E. Asian J Trop Med Publ Hlthq 1978;9(2):215–219.
14. Lancaster MC, et al. Nature 1961;192:1095–1097.
 
15. Lee SH, Shim TS, Lee SM, Chi JG. [Studies On Pathological Changes Of The Liver In Abino Rats Infected With Clonorchis Sinensis]. Korean J Parasitol 1978;16(2):148–155.
 
16. Lee SY, Lee SH, Chi JG. [Ultrastructural Changes Of The Hepatocytes And Biliary Epithelia Due To Clonorchis Sinensis In Guinea Pigs]. Korean J Parasitol 1978;16(2):88–102.
 
17. Min HK. Yonsei Rep Trop Med 1984;16(1):1–21.
18. Newberne PM, Butler WH. Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of domestic and laboratory animals: a review. Cancer Res 1969;29(1):236–250.
 
19. Salmon WD, et al. Cancer Res 1963;23:571–575.
20. Sonakul D, et al. S.E. Asian J Trop Med Publ Hlthq 1973;9:215–219.
21. Svoboda D, Grady HJ, Higginson J. Aflatoxin B1 injury in rat and monkey liver. Am J Pathol 1966;49(6):1023–1051.
 
22. Swann PF, Magee PN. Nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. The alklylation of nucleic acids of the rat by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, dimethylnitrosamine, dimethyl sulphate and methyl methanesulphonate. Biochem J 1968;110(1):39–47.
 
23. Thamavit W, Bhamarapravati N, Sahaphong S, Vajrasthira S, Angsubhakorn S. Effects of dimethylnitrosamine on induction of cholangiocarcinoma in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected Syrian golden hamsters. Cancer Res 1978;38(12):4634–4639.
 
24. Tormey JM, Diamond JM. The ultrastructural route of fluid transport in rabbit gall bladder. J Gen Physiol 1967;50(8):2031–2060.
  
25. Wykoff DE. Studies on Clonorchis sinensis. III. The host-parasite relations in the rabbit and observations on the relative susceptibility of certain laboratory hosts. J Parasitol 1958;44(5):461–466.
  
Editorial Office
Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University,
2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Tel: +82-31-299-6251   FAX: +82-1-299-6269   E-mail: kjp.editor@gmail.com
About |  Browse Articles |  Current Issue |  For Authors and Reviewers
Copyright © 2024 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine.     Developed in M2PI